
Airline Survival Strategies
And Bankruptcies
Since August 2006, airline
stocks have become almost totally dependent on airline oil prices. The
AMEX airline index collapsed by July 11th and closed at 13.98 down 79.1%
since they peaked in January 2007. Airline fuel prices which exceed labor
costs increased 89% to $4.08/gallon during the same period. More recent
sharp drop in oil prices from $147/barrel to $119/barrel triggered sharp
rally in airline stocks just reinforcing the total dependence of airline
stocks on oil prices. Recent public debate to reduce or regulate hedging
in oil must have clearly dropped oil prices. Goldman Sachs forecast of
$200/barrel by year end may not be achievable if hedging is no longer
such a determinant fact. In fact, if oil goes below $100/barrel there
will be a lot of embarrassment even among airlines who hedged in believing
Goldman’s projection.
Second Quarter Not So Bad After
All
The top 10 airlines had an operating profit
of $529 million in the second quarter compared to $3,253 million last
year. As shown below, the airlines reported no net loss in the second
quarter. The first quarter loss of $1.3 billion and rising oil prices
generated projections of $7 billion to $10 billion for the full year with
bankruptcies and maybe even liquidations.
Second Quarter
| |
Operating Income |
Net Income |
| |
2008 |
2007 |
2008 |
2007 |
| Air Tran |
$38 |
$78 |
($6) |
$42 |
| Alaska |
106 |
78 |
(14) |
47 |
| American |
(126) |
467 |
(284) |
317 |
| Continental |
(71) |
263 |
(25) |
228 |
| Delta |
109 |
490 |
137 |
253 |
| Jet Blue |
21 |
73 |
(7) |
21 |
| Northwest |
248 |
357 |
170 |
205 |
| Southwest |
205 |
328 |
321 |
278 |
| United |
(87) |
537 |
(151) |
274 |
| USAir |
86 |
582 |
(101) |
261 |
| Total |
$529 |
$3,253 |
$40 |
$1,926 |
|
However, the financial losses
in second quarter were not as bad as expected. The cash liquidity seems
in a reasonably good position and therefore in my judgment Chapter 11s
may not occur in 2008.
Unrestricted Cash June 30, 2008
| AirTran |
$446 |
| Alaska |
1,006 |
| American |
5,009 |
| Continental |
3,407 |
| Delta |
3,239 |
| JetBlue |
846 |
| Northwest |
3,216 |
| Southwest |
4,653 |
| United |
2,899 |
| USAir |
2,010 |
For the second half of the year, oil
price changes will obviously determine airline stocks as demonstrated since
August 2006. Fuel costs clearly exceed all labor expenses which will continue
to determine airline stock values. While eight smaller airlines
disappeared, another eight or nine similar small carriers will most likely
disappear in the months ahead. Especially domestic air travel growth is
now beginning to deteriorate as a result of economic slowdown. This delayed
relationship is a historic fact. Typically, travel begins to decline some
six to nine months after an economic weakness becomes visible. In July both
international as well as domestic travel is now down over the same month
a year ago. Survival Strategy
Rather than waiting for several of the large
carriers to see some Chapter 11s, they adopted capacity reductions mostly
in domestic operations. Domestic capacity reductions of 10% or more are
in place by year-end. Some of the major carrier capacity reductions may
reach as much as 17% by year-end. But even the reductions in capacity, fare
increases were only in very selected routes so that yields were up 18.4%
since Jan. 2007. So fearful of raising fares they have resorted to all kinds
of fees i.e., extra baggage, larger suitcases and even $7 for a pillow and
blanket. What next, a fee for tissues? Consolidation
After many merger dancings, the Delta/Northwest
will not only be approved by the Department of Justice by year-end, but
will have pilot support and approval. Once the Delta/Northwest is legally
complete, the Continental/United combination will see the light of day especially
since United pilots now see it as the only long term survival. This will
also see government approval irrespective of who will be in the White House.
A long shot will be the combination of JetBlue possibly with Alaska Airlines.
USAir has still not completed its merger of America West and the old USAir.
It has achieved substantial improvement in operations and has become an
attractive investment (quasi merger) for a European airline.
Julius Maldutis |